Concept of AI
Artificial Intelligence system has knowledge based programming techniques to think, decide and process itself like a human being. Artificial Intelligence field is generally defined as the study and design of intelligent agents where an intelligent agents where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximizes its chances of success. Jhon McCarthy, one of the pioneer in AI, defines it as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines”. Completely AI capable system has not come yet. Still the scientist are trying to develop such computers. Researchers have used concept of psychology, physiology, linguistic and computer science to develop AI system. then such system will be able to solve problem, decode and respond to natural languages like English, French, Nepali etc.

Application areas of AI have been wider and wider day by day. AI is used for logistics, data mining, medical diagnosis and many other areas throughout he technology industry. You can see many great events where AI has been used. For example, on 11 may 1997. Deep Blue became the first compute chess-playing system to beat the world chess champion, Garry Kasparov. In 2005, a Stanford robot won the Grand Challenge by driving autonomously for 131 miles along an unrehearsed desert trail.

A field of computer science and linguistics that studies computer system that can recognize and react to human language either spoken or written is called Artificial Intelligence.

Component of AI

Natural language Programs: It is a field of computer science and linguistic that studies computer systems that recognize and react to human language either spoken or written. Thus, communicating with computer by using natural languages such as English instead of an artificial language such as c, C++, Java, VB etc. is the main goal of natural language program.It interprets the parts of speech and meaning of a sentence and then translates the sentence into application command in the computer. This type of program is also in implementation phase such as some mobile devices search on Google after processing human voice as input. Google Android phones, Apples iPhones and other smart phones have this capability. Obviously, these are the one step ahead to the processing of natural language.

It has following elements:
Parser: It figures out how a sentence is put together with noun, verbs and other components.
Semantic Analyzer: It uses a built in dictionary to interpret the meaning of words in a sentence.
Code Generator: It translates the user’s sentence to machine language codes.

Expert System: It is an application program that makes decisions or solver problems in a particular field, such as finance or medicine, by using knowledge and analytical rules defined by experts in the field. Every expert system consists of three parts:

A user interface, which is a way of communicating with the user through such devices as menus, commands, or short-answer questions
A knowledge base containing stored expertise
An inference engine, which draws conclusions by performing simple logical operation on the knowledge base and the information supplied by the user.

MYCIN and COMPASS are the examples of the expert system. MYCIN was the first expert system and its jobs is to diagnose and recommend treatment for certain blood infections.